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The elephant goad, bullhook, or ankus (from Sanskrit ' or ''ankusha'') is a tool employed in the handling and training of elephants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=African Elephant )〕 It consists of a hook (usually bronze or steel) which is attached to a handle, ending in a tapered end.〔 ''Elephant encyclopedia written by an elephant keeper.''〕〔WCS.org (ICEE Proceedings Final p.120 )〕The cities of Los Angeles and Oakland, California, USA, have banned the use of bullhooks. A relief at Sanchi and a fresco at the Ajanta Caves depict a three-person crew on the war elephant, the driver with an elephant goad, what appears to be a noble warrior behind the driver and another attendant on the posterior of the elephant.〔Nossov, Konstantin & Dennis, Peter (2008). ''War Elephants''. llustrated by Peter Dennis. Edition: illustrated. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84603-268-7 () (accessed: Monday April 13, 2009), p.18〕 Nossov and Dennis (2008 p 19) report that two perfectly preserved elephant goads were recovered from an archaeological site at Taxila and are dated from 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE according to Marshall. The larger of the two is 65 cm long.〔 Nossov and Dennis (2008: p. 16) state:
==Fabrication and construction== The handle can be made of any material, from wood to ivory, depending on the wealth and opulence of the owner. Contemporary bullhooks which are used for animal handling generally have handles made of fibreglass, metal, plastic, or wood. The elephant goad is found in armouries and temples all across India, where elephants march in religious processions and perform in various civil capacities. They are often quite ornate, being decorated with gemstones and engravings to be appropriate for the ceremonies in which they are used. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「elephant goad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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